Written by Jenna Brownrout (BA, Public Health)
Thyroid function plays an essential role in women's health, influencing everything from fertility and pregnancy outcomes to mental health. Disorders like hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism are particularly common in women and can significantly affect their quality of life. Providing accurate information, timely diagnosis, effective treatments, and proper nutrition is necessary to manage these conditions and enhance overall well-being.
The Role of Nutrition in Thyroid Health
Thyroid disorders are influenced by various factors: hormonal, genetic, environmental, and nutritional. Hypothyroidism, where the thyroid is underactive, can cause fatigue, weight gain, and emotional imbalances. On the other hand, hyperthyroidism, caused by an overactive thyroid, can result in weight loss, anxiety, and irregular menstrual cycles. Managing thyroid health is closely linked to maintaining proper nutrition. Iodine is essential for the thyroid to function properly, yet around 30% of people worldwide are at risk of iodine deficiency. Interestingly, taking selenium supplements can reduce the risk of thyroid problems by up to 40% in those lacking iodine. It's essential to understand that not getting enough of these nutrients can complicate not just thyroid conditions but also pregnancy outcomes.
Far-Reaching Effects on Women's Health
Thyroid disorders affect many aspects of women's lives, including fertility, pregnancy, and overall well-being. If left undiagnosed or untreated, thyroid disorders can severely impact a woman's health. Hypothyroidism is often mistaken for depression or menopause, leading to inadequate treatment. Uncontrolled hyperthyroidism can cause cardiovascular issues and osteoporosis. During pregnancy, untreated thyroid dysfunction can harm both the mother and the child. Nutritional deficiencies further complicate these problems. Recognizing the importance of nutrition, especially iodine and selenium, is vital for managing these conditions effectively. Bridging gaps in diagnosis, treatment, and nutritional support is crucial for preventing long-term health issues and improving women's quality of life.
Empowering Women Through Education and Self-Advocacy
Effective management of thyroid disorders in women requires a multidisciplinary approach, including medical, psychological, lifestyle, and nutritional interventions. This includes raising awareness among healthcare providers, promoting regular screenings, providing evidence-based treatments, and offering nutritional guidance. Educating women about thyroid health-related disorders and the role of nutrition is crucial for improving health outcomes. Women need access to accurate information about symptoms, management options, and dietary considerations for thyroid conditions. Educating healthcare providers about timely diagnosis and comprehensive care is also important. Empowering women with knowledge about thyroid health, prioritizing proper nutrition, and advocating for their well-being is key to meaningful change. Take charge of your thyroid health today!
References
-
Alexander, E. K., Pearce, E. N., Brent, G. A., Brown, R. S., Chen, H., Dosiou, C., ... & Sullivan, S. (2017). 2017 Guidelines of the American Thyroid Association for the diagnosis and management of thyroid disease during pregnancy and the postpartum. Thyroid, 27(3), 315–389.
-
Bahn, R. S., Burch, H. B., Cooper, D. S., Garber, J. R., Greenlee, M. C., Klein, I., ... & Stan, M. N. (2011). Hyperthyroidism and other causes of thyrotoxicosis: management guidelines of the American Thyroid Association and American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists. Thyroid, 21(6), 593-646.
-
Brent, G. A. (2012). Mechanisms of thyroid hormone action. The Journal of Clinical Investigation, 122(9), 3035–3043.
-
Chaker, L., Bianco, A. C., Jonklaas, J., & Peeters, R. P. (2017). Hypothyroidism. The Lancet, 390(10101), 1550-1562.
-
De Leo, S., Lee, S. Y., & Braverman, L. E. (2016). Hyperthyroidism. The Lancet, 388(10047), 906-918.
-
Garber, J. R., Cobin, R. H., Gharib, H., Hennessey, J. V., Klein, I., Mechanick, J. I., ... & Woeber, K. A. (2012). Clinical practice guidelines for hypothyroidism in adults: cosponsored by the American Association of Clinical Endocrinologists and the American Thyroid Association. Thyroid, 22(12), 1200–1235.
-
Krassas, G. E., Poppe, K., & Glinoer, D. (2015). Thyroid function and human reproductive health. Endocrine Reviews, 36(3), 404-405.
-
Rayman, M. P. (2019). Multiple nutritional factors and thyroid disease with particular reference to autoimmune thyroid disease. Proceedings of the Nutrition Society, 78(1), 34–44.
-
Zimmermann, M. B., & Boelaert, K. (2015). Iodine deficiency and thyroid disorders. The Lancet Diabetes & Endocrinology, 3(4), 286-295.
-
Winther, K. H., Rayman, M. P., Bonnema, S. J., Hegedüs, L., & Bleie, Ø. (2020). Selenium in thyroid disorders—essential knowledge for clinicians. Nature Reviews Endocrinology, 16(3), 165-176.